Izindlu eziSongayo zase-USA: Ezifikelelekayo, eziphathwayo kunye neziSombululo zokuPhila ngokuKhawuleza 

Izindlu ezisongwayo zase-USA aziselovavanyo lwe-niche. Basombulula iingxaki zokwenyani-ukunqongophala kwezindlu kwindawo yaseCalifornia enomlilo wasendle, izindlu zethutyana zabasebenzi kufutshane neendawo zeoyile zaseTexas, iindawo zokuhlala ezingxamisekileyo emva kwezitshingitshane zaseFlorida, kunye nee-ADU ezingasemva zabazali abalupheleyo eSeattle. Sifake ngaphezu kweeyunithi ezili-120 kwiiphondo ezili-17 ukususela ngo-2021. Yonke iqale ngombuzo omnye: Siyizisa njani indawo ekhuselekileyo, ethobela ikhowudi phantsi kweeyure ezingama-72-ngaphandle kokuphinda kabini uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali?

Yintoni eyenza ukuba iNdlu esongwayo isebenze ngokwenene kuMhlaba waseU.S

Ayingawo onke amakhaya “asongelayo” asindayo ebusika baseMelika, imimoya yenkanyamba yaseMidwest, okanye iindawo zenyikima zaseCalifornia. Sifunde ukuba indlela enzima-ngo-2022, iiyunithi ezimbini kumantla eMinnesota aziphumelelanga kuvavanyo lwe-thermal bridging ngexesha le-22 ° F ebandayo. Ukulungiswa bekungeyo-insulation engqindilili. Yayiyila ngokutsha ijoyinti egotywayo ngokwayo: ukongeza iteyiphu ye-ZIP System® eqhubekayo, ukudibanisa ikhefu le-thermal kwihinge kaloliwe, kunye nokucacisa i-R-25 yoboya beminerali endaweni ye-fiberglass batts eqhelekileyo.

Indlu egoqiweyo yokwenyani yase-USA kufuneka iphumelele iitshekhi ezintathu ezingaxoxiswanayo:

• Ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwoI-ASTM E1996-22 ukuchasana nempembelelo yobutyobo bomoya (kunyanzelekileyo eFlorida, eLouisiana, kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni lwaseTexas)
• Ukwahlula komlilo: ASTM E84 Udidi A ukusasazeka kwedangatye-okufunekayo kuyo nayiphi na iyunithi ebekwe ngaphakathi kweenyawo ezi-5 kwesinye isakhiwo
• Ukuguquguquka kwesiseko: Kufuneka wamkele iipier ze-helical, iipayi zekhonkrithi, okanye izingqi zentsimbi ezilungelelanisiweyo-hayi nje i-slab-on-grade

Sivavanya imodeli nganye kwimigangatho ye-ICC-ES AC362 ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Yiyo loo nto iivillas zethu ezilula zentsimbi ziphethe i-IBC epheleleyo yeSahluko sama-23 sokuthotyelwa-hayi "ukuhlangabezana neekhowudi zasekhaya" zokulahlwa.

Ukuphatheka Akukho nje malunga nobunzima-Kumalunga nokuvumela inyani

Abanye abathengisi babiza amakhaya "aphathekayo" anobunzima be-18,000 lbs kwaye afuna imvume engaphezulu, iimoto zomqhubi, kunye nokuvalwa kwendlela yeentsuku ze-3. Ayikuko ukuphatheka oko. Leyo yimidlalo yeqonga.

Izindlu zethu ezisongayo zase-USA zisasazwa kwii-flatbeds eziqhelekileyo. Ubukhulu beyunithi ububanzi: 8'6 ". Ubude obusongiweyo: ngaphantsi kwe-13'6". Akukho ndlela ikhethekileyo. Akukho zithuthi ezikhaphayo. Iqela elinye lesiseko sofakelo oluthathu, livuleke, lidibanise izinto eziluncedo, kwaye likhuphele i-HVAC phantsi kweeyure ezingama-36.

Kodwa nantsi into eninzi iisayithi aziyi kukuxelela yona: ukuphatheka kusilele kwidesika yemvume-hayi indawo yomsebenzi. Amagunya asekuhlaleni aphatha “ukusonga” njengekroba. Ngoku sinikezela ngezicwangciso kumaSebe angama-32 wokwakha wesiphaluka rhoqo ngonyaka. Isiphumo? Umyinge wama-94% wokuvunywa kokuqala kwezindlu ezisongwayo zase-USA ezisemaphandleni nakwimimandla yasezidolophini. Izixeko ezifana ne-Austin kunye nePortland zisafuna uphononongo olupheleleyo lwesicwangciso sesiza-kodwa sibonelela ngemizobo yobunjineli enesitampu, iingxelo zemodeli yamandla, kunye ne-ADA-ithobela i-egress schematics ngaphambili.

Umzekelo wehlabathi langempela: I-studio ye-400-sq-ft yokugoqa e-Asheville, i-NC ihlanjululwe indawo, i-floodplain, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwesithili sembali kwiintsuku ze-11. Isitshixo? Ukungeniswa kwezixhobo zemibhobho zemibhobho eqinisekisiweyo ye-IAPMO kunye neepaneli zombane ezifakwe kuluhlu lwe-UL-hayi imilinganiselo yegeneric.

Isantya sithetha Nto Ngaphandle koLawulo lweendleko eziqikelelweyo

“Ukuseta okuKhawulezayo” kuthetha kancinci xa iiodolo zotshintsho zibhaluni kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Silandelela zonke iindleko zokutenxa kuzo zonke ezifakelweyo ezingama-217. Ababulali abathathu abaphezulu bebhajethi?

• Izinto eziluncedo ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezingaphawulwanga (zifunyenwe kuma-38% eziza zasemaphandleni)
• Izinto ezothusayo zokuthwala umhlaba (ama-22% afuna iinkcukacha eziphuculweyo zepier)
• Ulibaziseko lonxibelelwano olusebenzayo (umndilili weentsuku ezili-14 zokulinda iPG&E okanye ufakelo lwemitha yeConEdison)

Isisombululo sethu ayisonga ngokukhawuleza-siyi-scoping ekrelekrele. Yonke isicatshulwa ibandakanya i-1,200 ye-add-on yokuqinisekisa indawo: uphando lwe-drone + ukuskena kwe-GPR + indawo yokuqinisekisa indawo. Abathengi abayisebenzisayo banciphisa ii-odolo zokutshintsha ngama-67%. Enye ikontraka eColorado igcine i-28,000 yeedola kwinkampu yabasebenzi beyunithi emithandathu ngokubamba umgca wokunkcenkceshela ongcwatywe ngaphambi kokuhanjiswa.

Amaxabiso ahlala e-ankile: iimodeli ezisisiseko ziqala kwi-89 yeedola / sq ft zinikezelwe kwaye zilungele ukuhlala. Oko kubandakanya i-MEP epheleleyo erhabaxa, iiphaneli zodonga lwe-SIP, kunye ne-factory-applied yangaphandle yokugquma. Hayi “$65/sq ft iqokobhe kuphela” isiyeyelo-kunye nokutshintsha. Akukho mali imangalisayo yokuphucula umthwalo wekhephu okanye imitya yenkanyamba. Yonke into idibene-okanye ikhutshwe ngokucacileyo ngokubhaliweyo.

Izindlu ezisongayo e-USA ziyakhula-kwaye kunjalo nakwishishini

Kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, izindlu ezisongwayo zase-USA zazithetha iiyunithi ezixineneyo zesitayile se-dorm ezine-vinyl siding kunye neesekethe ezili-15-amp. Namhlanje, baxhasa uphuhliso oluxubeneyo eNashville, basebenza njengezindlu zabongikazi kwizibhedlele ze-VA e-Ohio, kwaye basebenza njengamagumbi okufundela angenaziro kwizithili zesikolo saseMaine.

Utshintsho luvela kwimitsi emithathu yobugcisa: uphahla lwe-BIPV oludityanisiweyo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3.2 kW kwiyunithi ye-400-sq-ft), imodyuli ye-HVAC enemowuli elawulwa yimfuno, kunye nee-hubs zasekhaya ezifakwe kwifektri ezihambelana noMba 1.3. Ezi ayizongezo. Zakhelwe kwisakhelo sesakhiwo ngexesha lemveliso.

I-Shandong Jujiu Integrated Housing Co., Ltd. incedise ekuqhubeni loo nguquko—kungekhona ngokusukela imikhwa, kodwa ngokumamela iikontraka zase-US ezathi, “Sifuna into edlulayo ekuhlolweni ngoSuku lokuQala, engena kwisango eliqhelekileyo, kwaye ayifuni crane.” Izindlu zabo ezisongwayo e-USA zibonisa loo pragmatism: akukho maqhinga, akukho zixhobo ezingavavanywanga, akukho mabango angacacanga “enzelwe uMntla Melika”.

Ikamva alikho likhulu izindlu ezisongayo e-USA. Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlakaniphile-iiyunithi ezithetha nabaqhubi begridi ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu, ukulungelelanisa i-insulation R-values ​​esekelwe kwi-real-time feed yemozulu, kunye nokwabelana ngedatha yokugcina kunye nabaphathi bepropati ngokusebenzisa imilambo ye-MQTT efihliweyo. Kodwa akukho nanye kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo ukuba umnyango ubambeka ngokuchanekileyo ngoSuku lokuQala. Ke sisavavanya yonke i-latch. Yonke ihenjisi. Yonke i-gasket. Kwi -30°F kwizikhenkcisi kunye nee-oveni eziyi-115°F. Kuba ukuthembeka ayisiyonto. Sisiseko.