Izindlu Ezigoqayo zase-USA: Izixazululo Eziphilayo Ezithengekayo, Eziphathekayo & Zokusetha Ngokushesha 

Izindlu ezigoqayo zase-USA azisesona isilingo se-niche. Baxazulula izinkinga zangempela—ukuntuleka kwezindlu eCalifornia evame ukuvutha umlilo, izindlu zesikhashana zabasebenzi eduze nezizinda zikawoyela zaseTexas, izindawo zokukhosela eziphuthumayo ngemva kweziphepho zaseFlorida, ngisho nama-ADU angemuva kwabazali asebekhulile eSeattle. Sifake amayunithi angaphezu kuka-120 ezifundazweni ezingu-17 kusukela ngo-2021. Sonke saqala ngombuzo ofanayo: Siletha kanjani isikhala esiphephile, esithobela ikhodi ngaphansi kwamahora angu-72—ngaphandle kokuphinda kabili isabelomali?

Yini Eyenza Indlu Egoqwayo Isebenze Emhlabathini Wase-U.S

Akuwona wonke amakhaya "agoqekayo" asinda ebusika baseMelika, imimoya yenkanyamba yaseMidwest, noma izindawo zokuzamazama komhlaba zaseCalifornia. Sifunde ukuthi ngobunzima—ngo-2022, amayunithi amabili enyakatho ye-Minnesota ahluleka ukuhlola amabhuloho ashisayo ngesikhathi -22°F kubanda. Ukulungiswa kwakungeyona insulation enkulu. Yayiklama kabusha isihlanganisi esigoqayo ngokwaso: ukwengeza itheyiphu ye-ZIP System® eqhubekayo, ihlanganisa amakhefu ashisayo kumzila wehinge, futhi icacisa uvolo wamaminerali we-R-25 esikhundleni samalulwane ajwayelekile e-fiberglass.

Indlu egoqayo yeqiniso yase-USA kufanele iphumelele amasheke amathathu okungaxoxiswana ngawo:

• Ubuqotho besakhiwo: I-ASTM E1996-22 ukumelana nomthelela wemfucumfucu ehamba nomoya (impoqo eFlorida, eLouisiana, ezifundeni ezisogwini lwaseTexas)
• Ukuhlukaniswa komlilo: Isilinganiso sokusabalala kwelangabi le-ASTM E84 Lesigaba A—sidingekayo kunoma iyiphi iyunithi ebekwe phakathi kwamamitha angu-5 kwesinye isakhiwo
• Ukuvumelana nezimo kwesisekelo: Kumelwe yamukele izinsimbi ze-helical, izinsika zikakhonkolo, noma izisekelo zensimbi ezilungisekayo—hhayi nje i-slab-on-grade

Sivivinya imodeli ngayinye kumazinga e-ICC-ES AC362 ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Kungakho izindlu zethu zensimbi ezilula zihambisana ngokugcwele ne-IBC Isahluko 23—hhayi “esihlangabezana namakhodi endawo” wokuzihlangula.

Ukuphatheka Akukona Nje Ngesisindo-Kumayelana Nokuvumela Iqiniso

Abanye abathengisi babheka amakhaya “aphathekayo” anesisindo esingu-18,000 lbs futhi adinga izimvume ezinkulu, izimoto zomshayeli, nokuvalwa kwemigwaqo kwezinsuku ezi-3. Akukhona ukuphatheka lokho. Leyo yitiyetha yezokuthutha.

Izindlu zethu ezigoqayo zase-USA zisebenzisa kuma-flatbed ajwayelekile. Ubukhulu beyunithi yobubanzi: 8'6”. Ubude obugoqiwe: ngaphansi kuka-13’6”. Awukho umzila okhethekile. Azikho izimoto eziphelezelwayo. Iqembu elilodwa lesisekelo sokufakwa okuthathu, liyavula, lixhuma izinsiza, futhi likhomishini i-HVAC ngaphansi kwamahora angu-36.

Kodwa nakhu izingosi eziningi ezingeke zikutshele zona: ukuphatheka kwehluleka edeskini yezimvume—hhayi indawo yomsebenzi. Iziphathimandla zendawo ziphatha “ukugoqa” njengentuba. Manje sesithumela kusengaphambili izinhlelo eminyangweni yokwakha yezifunda ezingama-32 njalo ngonyaka. Umphumela? 94% izinga lokugunyaza ukuthunyelwa kokuqala kwezindlu ezigoqekayo zase-USA ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Amadolobha afana ne-Austin ne-Portland asadinga ukubuyekezwa okugcwele kohlelo lwesayithi—kodwa sinikeza imidwebo yonjiniyela enezitembu, imibiko yokumodela amandla, kanye nezinhlelo ze-ADA ezithobelana ne-ADA kusengaphambili.

Isibonelo somhlaba wangempela: Isitudiyo sokugoqa esingu-400-sq-ft e-Asheville, NC sisule indawo, indawo yezikhukhula, nokubuyekezwa kwesifunda okungokomlando ezinsukwini eziyi-11. Ukhiye? Ukuhambisa ngamaphaneli kagesi aqinisekiswe yi-IAPMO namaphaneli kagesi alungele ukusetshenziswa yilanga afakwe ohlwini lwe-UL—hhayi ama-generic specs.

Isivinini Asisho Lutho Ngaphandle Kokulawula Izindleko Ezibikezelwayo

“Ukusetha okusheshayo” kusho okuncane uma ama-oda okushintsha efaka ibhaluni kubhajethi. Silandelela konke ukuchezuka kwezindleko kukho konke ukufakwa okungu-217. Ababulali bebhajethi abathathu abaphezulu?

• Izinsiza ezingaphansi komhlaba ezingamakiwe (ezitholakala ku-38% wezindawo zasemakhaya)
• Izimanga ezithwala umhlabathi (ama-22% adinga ama-pier specs athuthukisiwe)
• Ukubambezeleka koxhumano lwensiza (isilinganiso sokulinda kwezinsuku eziyi-14 sokufakwa kwemitha ye-PG&E noma ye-ConEdison)

Isixazululo sethu asigoqeki ngokushesha—siyisikophu esihlakaniphile. Yonke ikhwothi ifaka isengezo sokuqinisekisa isayithi esingu-$1,200: inhlolovo ye-drone + iskena se-GPR + isiqinisekiso sokuthola usizo. Amaklayenti ayisebenzisayo anciphisa ama-oda okushintsha ngo-67%. Omunye usonkontileka eColorado ulondoloze u-$28,000 ekamu labasebenzi elinamayunithi ayisithupha ngokubamba ulayini wokunisela ogqitshiwe ngaphambi kokulethwa.

Amanani ahlala eqinile: amamodeli ayisisekelo aqala ku-$89/sq ft adilivwe futhi alungele ukuhlala. Lokho kufaka phakathi i-MEP egcwele ama-rough-in, amaphaneli odonga we-SIP, kanye nezindwangu zangaphandle ezifakwe efekthri. Cha "$65/sq ft igobolondo kuphela" ibheyi-futhi-switch. Azikho izinkokhelo ezimangazayo zokuthuthukiswa komthwalo weqhwa noma amabhande esiphepho. Konke kuhlanganisiwe-noma kukhishwe ngokucacile ngokubhaliwe.

Izindlu Ezigoqayo e-USA Ziyakhula-Kanjalo Nemboni

Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, izindlu ezigoqayo zase-USA zazisho amayunithi aminyene wesitayela se-dorm ane-vinyl siding kanye namasekethe angu-15-amp. Namuhla, baqinisa intuthuko yokusetshenziswa okuxubile e-Nashville, basebenza njengezindlu zabahlengikazi ezibhedlela ze-VA e-Ohio, futhi basebenza njengamakilasi angenaziro ezifundeni zesikole saseMaine.

Ukushintsha kuqhamuke ekugxumeni okuthathu kobuchwepheshe: ukuphahla okuhlanganisiwe kwe-BIPV (kufika ku-3.2 kW ngeyunithi ngayinye engu-400-sq-ft), i-HVAC eyimojuli enomoya olawulwa ngokufunwa, kanye namahabhu asekhaya ahlakaniphile afakwe efekthri ahambisana ne-Matter 1.3. Lezi akuzona izengezo. Zakhelwe ohlakeni lwesakhiwo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

I-Shandong Jujiu Integrated Housing Co., Ltd. yasiza ekuqhubekiseni lokho kuziphendukela kwemvelo—hhayi ngokujaha izitayela, kodwa ngokulalela osonkontileka base-U.S. abathi, “Sidinga okuthile okudlula ukuhlolwa ngoSuku Lokuqala, ukungena esangweni elivamile, futhi okungawudingi u-crane.” Izindlu zabo ezigoqayo e-USA zibonisa lokho pragmatism: awekho amasu, akukho mpahla engahloliwe, akukho zicelo ezingacacile “ezakhelwe iNyakatho Melika”.

Ikusasa akuzona izindlu ezinkulu ezigoqayo zase-USA. Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlakaniphe kakhudlwana—amayunithi akhuluma nabaqhubi begridi ngesikhathi sokufunwa okuphezulu, ukulungisa amanani e-R-insulation ngokusekelwe kokuphakelayo kwesimo sezulu sangempela, nokwabelana ngedatha yokulungisa nabaphathi bezakhiwo ngokusakazwa kwe-MQTT ebethelwe. Kepha akukho kulokhu okubalulekile uma umnyango uxhumeke kahle ngoSuku Lokuqala. Ngakho-ke sisahlola yonke i-latch. Wonke amahinge. Wonke ama-gasket. Kumafriji -30°F namahhavini angu-115°F. Ngoba ukwethembeka akusona isici. Kuyisisekelo.